GCP

Question: What is Google Compute Engine (GCE)?

Answer: GCE is an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offering by GCP, providing scalable virtual machines to run workloads. Users can select configurations for CPUs, memory, and storage, and have full control over the software running on these VMs. GCE allows users to create, start, stop, and manage instances, providing a flexible and on-demand computing infrastructure within Google Cloud.

Question: What are sheilded VMs ?

Answer: Shielded VMs in Google Cloud Platform provide a higher level of protection against various threats to the integrity of your VMs. They're hardened virtual machines that offer a defense against boot and kernel-level attacks.
Key aspects of Shielded VMs: * Verified Boot: Ensures the VM boots with a verified firmware, kernel, and initrd to prevent tampering. * vTPM (Virtual Trusted Platform Module): Offers tamper-evident protections and encryption for secure key generation and storage. * UEFI Firmware: Replaces traditional BIOS firmware to support modern security features. * Runtime Integrity Monitoring: Regularly checks for unauthorized changes to VM instances during runtime.
These security measures help mitigate threats to the VM's integrity, enhancing the overall security posture of your environment

Question: What is secureBoot ?

Answer: Secure Boot is a component of Shielded VMs and is a UEFI feature that ensures the system boots only with signed and verified code, guaranteeing that the operating system and bootloader haven't been tampered with. This prevents the loading of unauthorized firmware and helps protect against boot-level malware or rootkits.

Question: What are sole-tenant-nodes ?

Answer: Sole-Tenant Nodes are physical Compute Engine servers dedicated to a single user or organization. They offer the advantage of complete control over instance placement on the host hardware. This is beneficial for workloads that require specific hardware configurations, security, or compliance requirements that necessitate dedicated resources.

Question: What is Async Replication ?

Answer: Async Replication, in the context of databases or storage systems, refers to an asynchronous method of data replication. It involves copying and synchronizing data from a source to a destination in a non-blocking manner. The replication process doesn’t require immediate confirmation of data synchronization and can continue independently, potentially leading to a small delay in data consistency between the source and destination.

Question: What are os policies ? or How can you perform automatic patch management in GCP ? or How do you ensure a certain package in installed on all incoming VMs?

Answer: OS Policies in GCP enable administrators to define and enforce policies on operating systems across VM instances. This includes automatically managing OS patches, updating packages, and enforcing configurations to ensure consistency and security compliance across the infrastructure. Through OS policies, administrators can define rules for automatic patch management, ensuring that specific packages are installed or updated on all incoming VMs as they are provisioned.

Question: What are NFS shares ?

Answer: NFS (Network File System) shares allow multiple instances to access and share a common file system over a network. It's a distributed file system protocol that enables a client to access files over a network as if they were on its local disks. In GCP, NFS shares can be set up using Google Cloud Filestore, providing high-performance, fully managed NFS file servers to store and access data for applications that need shared file systems.

Question: What are organisation policies ?

Answer: Organization Policies in Google Cloud Platform (GCP) are a set of rules and constraints that an organization administrator can define and enforce across the entire organization's GCP resources. These policies help control and govern the behavior of the resources within the organization. They can include restrictions on resource creation, configuration settings, and access control rules, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and organizational standards.

Question: How do Organisation Policies differ from OS Policies ?

Answer:
Organization Policies: Focus on defining and enforcing rules and constraints across an entire organization's GCP resources. They are applied at the organizational level, controlling behaviors and settings at a broad scale. These are applied at Org Level i.e the scope is Organisation and Projects.
OS Policies: Specifically relate to the configurations and settings applied to the operating systems (OS) running on virtual machine instances. These policies manage patching, configurations, and security settings at the OS level on individual VMs. These are applied at Compute Level, that is the scope is virtual machine or compute engine.

Question: What is workload identity ?

Answer: Workload Identity in GCP is a feature that allows Google Cloud workloads, such as applications or services running on Google Cloud, to assume identities in a secure and granular manner. It allows these workloads to access other Google Cloud resources based on defined permissions, without the need for service account keys, ensuring a more secure and manageable environment.

Question: What is workload identity federation ?

Answer: Workload Identity Federation extends the capabilities of Workload Identity, enabling workloads to use external identity providers for authentication and authorization. It allows users to integrate their own identity systems with Google Cloud, enabling seamless and secure access to GCP resources based on their existing identity infrastructure.

Question: Difference between the above two ?

Answer:
Workload Identity: Allows GCP workloads to assume identities in a secure manner for accessing GCP resources without using service account keys.
Workload Identity Federation: Expands the capabilities of Workload Identity by allowing integration with external identity providers, enabling a broader range of identity systems for accessing GCP resources securely.

Question: How do you enables logging for GCP resources ?

Answer: GCP provides Stackdriver Logging, which enables you to store, search, analyze, monitor, and alert on log data and events from GCP resources. It's the central logging solution for GCP, allowing you to collect logs from various services, such as Compute Engine, Kubernetes Engine, Cloud Storage, and more. You can enable logging at the project, folder, or organization level, and then configure which logs to collect and analyze using advanced filters and queries.

Question: What are roles ?

Answer: Roles in GCP's Identity and Access Management (IAM) define the permissions granted to a user, service account, or group. Each role includes a set of permissions that define what actions can be performed on which resources. Roles can be primitive (Owner, Editor, Viewer), predefined (e.g., roles/compute.admin, roles/storage.objectViewer), or custom roles created to suit specific needs.

Question: What is IAP ?

Answer: IAP is a GCP service that provides a central authentication and authorization service for applications running on GCP. It allows you to control access to web applications by verifying the identity of users and checking their permission levels before granting access. With IAP, you can secure access to your applications based on user identity and access policies without requiring a VPN.

Question: How do we do ssh using IAP ?

Answer: Secure Shell (SSH) using IAP involves setting up IAP to allow SSH connections to virtual machine instances without needing to expose them to the public internet. You can grant users or groups the necessary permissions to connect to the VM instance using SSH. This setup involves configuring IAP access, ensuring the user has the required permissions to connect via SSH, and establishing SSH connections through the GCP Console or the gcloud command-line tool.

Question: What is concept of shared VPC in GCP, also how do you setup a shared VPC ?

Answer: Shared VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) is a network resource that allows an organization to connect multiple projects to a common VPC network. This centralizes network management and administration while allowing resources from different projects to communicate securely within the same virtual network. It simplifies network setup, aids in resource sharing, and centralizes governance and security policies.
Setting up a Shared VPC
To set up a Shared VPC, a designated host project is created to host the VPC network, and one or more service projects are linked to it. The host project defines the VPC network, subnets, firewall rules, and routes. Service projects are connected to this VPC, allowing them to use the shared resources.

Question: What is packet mirroring in GCP ?

Answer: Packet Mirroring in GCP is a feature that allows you to capture and mirror network traffic for inspection and analysis. It copies and forwards specific packets to a collector destination for detailed examination, aiding in security monitoring, debugging, and analysis. By duplicating network traffic, you can inspect and analyze data without disrupting the live traffic flow, enhancing security and troubleshooting capabilities.

Question: When do you use CloudRun ?

Answer: Cloud Run is a fully managed compute platform that enables developers to deploy containerized applications quickly. It's ideal in scenarios where you have containerized applications or microservices and need a serverless architecture. Cloud Run abstracts infrastructure management and automatically scales based on incoming traffic. It's best suited for stateless, HTTP-driven applications that can be encapsulated within containers, offering a balance between flexibility and simplicity in deployment.

Question: How does Security Command Center works ? or What is Security Command Center ?

Answer: Security Command Center (SCC) is a GCP service designed for centralized security risk and compliance monitoring. It provides comprehensive visibility into your GCP environment by collecting, analyzing, and alerting on security data from GCP services. SCC continuously monitors and aggregates security-oriented telemetry, including findings from various GCP services and third-party partners. It provides insights into vulnerabilities, suspicious activity, and helps enforce policies to maintain a secure environment.

Question: What do you understand by Chronicle ?

Answer: Chronicle is Google's cybersecurity intelligence platform that leverages massive data analysis and machine learning to detect and mitigate cybersecurity threats. It is designed to handle large-scale data with the use of Google's infrastructure, enabling security analysts to detect and understand threats. Chronicle helps in identifying security incidents across an organization's entire digital infrastructure and provides a comprehensive view of threats.

Question: What are usecases of IAP ?

Answer: Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) is a GCP service that provides centralized access management for GCP resources. Use cases for IAP include: Secure Remote Access: Allows employees or users to securely access resources from anywhere without a VPN. Web Application Protection: Protects web applications from unauthorized access. Granular Access Control: Enables fine-grained access control based on user identity rather than network location.

Question: What was the need of reCAPTCHA enterprise ? How do you use it ? How does it works ?

Answer: reCAPTCHA Enterprise is designed to protect websites and applications from abusive activities, such as fraud, spam, and other forms of automated abuse. The need arose due to increasing instances of online abuse by bots, impacting user experience and security. It uses adaptive risk analysis to distinguish between human and automated interactions, providing frictionless user experiences while protecting against malicious activities. It works by analyzing various signals and user behaviors to detect anomalies and abusive activities, effectively defending against threats without affecting user experience.

Question: What is web security scanner in GCP ?

Answer: Web Security Scanner is a GCP service that helps identify security vulnerabilities in web applications. It analyzes web applications for common security vulnerabilities, including cross-site scripting (XSS), mixed content, and outdated libraries. The scanner performs automated and manual tests on web applications, providing detailed reports on identified vulnerabilities and recommended fixes.

Question: What is a RISK Manager ?

Answer: In the context of GCP, Risk Manager is a tool that allows organizations to identify and manage various types of risks associated with their GCP environment. It enables continuous risk assessment, monitoring, and response by providing insights into vulnerabilities, compliance issues, and threats. Risk Manager helps in creating a risk-aware culture by centralizing risk management activities and streamlining risk mitigation processes.

Question: What is Binary Authorization ?

Answer: Binary Authorization is a GCP security feature that enforces deployment policies by validating container images before they're deployed to a Kubernetes engine. It ensures that only trusted and authorized container images are allowed to run in the Kubernetes environment. Binary Authorization uses attestations and signatures to verify that images meet specific criteria, such as being signed by a trusted authority or adhering to certain security and compliance standards, enhancing the security of the container deployment process.

Question: What is BeyondCorp Enterprise product of GCP ?

Answer: BeyondCorp Enterprise is Google's modern security model designed to enable secure access to applications, resources, and data without a traditional VPN. It's based on zero trust principles, eliminating the concept of a trusted internal network and ensuring every access request is authenticated, authorized, and encrypted. It provides continuous and adaptive access control, considering various factors, like device security posture, location, and context, for granting or denying access.

Question: What is VPC Service Controls ?

Answer: VPC Service Controls is a GCP security feature allowing the restriction of data access between Google-managed services and the resources within a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). It establishes a security perimeter around GCP resources, enabling organizations to define a security perimeter around APIs and services to prevent data exfiltration, maintaining data integrity and compliance. It ensures that sensitive data remains within the organization's specified boundaries even in the case of breaches.

Question: What is Access Context Manager in GCP ?

Answer: Access Context Manager provides centralized access control for GCP resources by defining fine-grained, attribute-based access control policies. It allows administrators to set policies based on various contextual attributes like IP address, device security status, location, and time, ensuring access to resources is granted only when specific criteria are met. This service enables organizations to enforce consistent access controls across different GCP services and resources, strengthening security measures.

Question: What is VMware Enginer offering of GCP ?

Answer: The VMware Engine is a fully managed VMware environment on GCP that allows enterprises to migrate and run their VMware workloads natively in the cloud. It provides a consistent infrastructure and operational experience for organizations already using VMware, enabling them to seamlessly extend their on-premises VMware environment to GCP without needing to re-architect applications. It offers a familiar environment while taking advantage of GCP's scalability, reliability, and global reach.

Question: What is cloud function ?

Answer: Cloud Functions is Google Cloud's serverless execution environment, allowing developers to deploy individual functions that automatically scale based on the triggered events. It enables the execution of code in response to various events within GCP or external triggers without managing the underlying infrastructure. Developers can write functions in Node.js, Python, Go, and other supported languages, making it ideal for event-driven, lightweight applications, and microservices. These functions can be used for tasks like data processing, responding to webhooks, or creating APIs.

Question: What all types of databases are suppported by GCP ?

Answer: AlloyDB, BigTable, Firestore, MemoryStore, Spanner, SQL

Question: Explain each of the above databases types.

Answer:
1. AlloyDB
AlloyDB is Google's scalable, distributed, in-memory database. It combines the benefits of traditional relational databases with the scale and performance of NoSQL databases, ideal for high-throughput transactional applications.
2. BigTable
Bigtable is a highly scalable NoSQL database designed for handling large analytical and operational workloads. It's known for its high performance, especially for real-time analytics, and its ability to handle massive datasets.
3. Firestore
Firestore is a flexible, scalable, NoSQL cloud database to store and sync data for client- and server-side development. It's designed to provide low-latency, real-time synchronization and offline support for mobile and web applications.
4. MemoryStore
MemoryStore is a fully managed in-memory data store service, offering Redis and Memcached, providing sub-millisecond data access and a high throughput for real-time applications.
5. Spanner
Spanner is a globally distributed, horizontally scalable database that offers strong consistency and high availability. It's suitable for mission-critical applications requiring strong ACID properties across global locations.
6. SQL
Google Cloud SQL provides fully managed relational databases, supporting MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server. It ensures high availability, scalability, and security with automated backups and updates.

Question: What is private service connect ?

Answer: Private Service Connect enables secure and private connectivity between a customer's Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network and a service provider's network. It allows organizations to consume managed services while keeping the traffic private.

Question: What is Identity Platform ?

Answer: Google Cloud Identity Platform is an authentication service that allows developers to easily integrate authentication and identity services into their applications. It supports multiple identity providers, enabling user authentication and management.

Question: What is spectrum access system ?

Answer: Spectrum Access System refers to the system managing shared access to spectrum frequencies. It enables dynamic spectrum sharing for communication services, optimizing the utilization of available spectrum resources.

Question: What is profiler in GCP ? How is it useful ?

Answer: Profiler in GCP is a tool for identifying performance bottlenecks in applications. It analyzes code execution and provides insights into performance issues, helping developers optimize and fine-tune their applications.

Question: What is capacity planner in GCP ?

Answer: Capacity Planner in GCP is a tool that assists in estimating the necessary resources for running workloads on Google Cloud. It helps in planning the required capacity of compute, storage, and other resources based on expected usage.

Question: What's the difference between Container Registry and Artifact Registry ?

Answer:
Container Registry: Google Container Registry is a private container image registry. It's specifically designed to store, manage, and secure Docker container images, making them available for use in GCP. These images are commonly used with services like Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) and other container-based solutions.
Artifact Registry: Artifact Registry is a more generalized package management service. While it can store container images like Container Registry, it's not limited to just that. Artifact Registry can manage various package formats such as Docker images, Maven, npm, and others. It's a central repository for storing artifacts like software packages and dependencies across different environments.

Question: What are source repositories in GCP ?

Answer: Google Cloud Source Repositories is a version control service that makes it easy for teams to collaborate on code. It provides a scalable, fully featured, Git-based repository for source code, allowing developers to manage and track changes across teams or even organizations. It integrates seamlessly with other GCP tools, facilitating CI/CD workflows, code review, and collaboration.

Question: What role does Dataproc has in analytics ?

Answer: Google Cloud Dataproc is a managed Hadoop and Spark service. It's primarily used for big data processing and analytics. Dataproc simplifies the process of deploying and managing clusters, making it easier to run Spark and Hadoop jobs. It's beneficial for tasks like ETL (Extract, Transform, Load), machine learning, data exploration, and batch processing. Dataproc provides a scalable, cost-effective way to process large datasets.

Question: Differentiate between Preemptible VMs and Standard VMs.

Answer:
Standard VMs:
* These are regular, long-lived virtual machine instances. * Offered at standard pricing. * Ideal for workloads requiring continuous availability without interruption. * Guaranteed to run until manually stopped or terminated by the user. Preemptible VMs:
* Short-lived and cost-effective instances. * Priced significantly lower than standard VMs. * Designed for fault-tolerant, non-continuous workloads. * Google Cloud can terminate these instances at any time, providing a maximum 24-hour runtime.*

Question: Explain Google Cloud Storage classes and their use cases.

Answer: Storage classes include Standard, Nearline, Coldline, and Archive, each optimized for different access frequencies and costs.
* Standard: General-purpose storage for frequently accessed data. * Nearline: Low-cost storage for data accessed less frequently, with a 30-day minimum storage duration. * Coldline: Low-cost storage for archiving rarely accessed data, with a 90-day minimum storage duration. * Archive: Lowest-cost storage for long-term data retention, with a 365-day minimum storage duration. Use Cases: * Standard: Hosting website content, storing application data. * Nearline: Backups, disaster recovery, data that may be accessed infrequently. * Coldline: Compliance and regulatory archives, long-term backups. * Archive: Data preservation for regulatory or compliance reasons.

Question: What is Cloud Storage Transfer Service?

Answer: It's a service for transferring large amounts of data from other cloud providers or on-premises to GCP storage. It allows seamless and secure transfers while handling the complexities of large-scale data migration.

Question: Describe Google Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).

Answer: It's a global private network providing a virtual networking environment that allows users to connect GCP resources to each other and to the internet along with offering control over IP ranges, subnets, and network policies. It also enables custom network topologies and network security configurations.

Question: What is Cloud Load Balancing?

Answer: It's a service for distributing incoming network traffic across multiple resources, ensuring high availability and reliability. Offers various load balancing options: global (for HTTP(S) and TCP/SSL traffic), internal (for internal traffic within VPC), and network (for non-HTTP/S traffic). Automatically scales resources based on traffic demands.

Question: Explain Google Cloud SQL.

Answer: It's a fully managed relational database service supporting MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server. Provides automated backups, replication, and patches. Ideal for applications needing relational databases without the hassle of managing them.

Question: What is Cloud Spanner, and how is it different from other databases?

Answer: Cloud Spanner is a globally distributed, horizontally scalable database designed for mission-critical applications with strong consistency and SQL support. It combines the benefits of relational databases with the scalability of NoSQL databases. It can automatically scale both storage and compute resources. The Data is replicated across multiple regions for high availability and low latency. It also maintains strong consistency with ACID properties for transactions. Unlike traditional databases, Cloud Spanner offers horizontal scalability without compromising strong consistency. It's suited for mission-critical applications requiring the scale of a NoSQL database with the consistency of a relational database.

Question: Describe Identity and Access Management (IAM) in GCP.

Answer: IAM manages access control for GCP resources, allowing setting granular permissions for users and services.
Key Aspects: * Principle of Least Privilege: Grants only necessary permissions to entities based on their roles. * Resource Hierarchy: Manages permissions across organizations, folders, and projects. * Fine-Grained Access Control: Allows setting permissions at a granular level for resources.
Purpose:
IAM ensures secure access to GCP resources by managing who has access and what actions they can perform, reducing the risk of unauthorized access or accidental misconfiguration.

Question: What is Customer-Supplied Encryption Key (CSEK)?

Answer: It's a feature allowing customers to manage their encryption keys used for data at rest in GCP services.
Key Points: * Customer Control: Customers generate and manage their encryption keys outside of GCP. * Data Encryption: Customers can use these keys to encrypt their data before storing it in GCP services.
Use Case:
CSEK enables customers to maintain control over their data encryption keys, ensuring an additional layer of security and compliance for sensitive data stored in GCP.

Question: Explain Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE).

Answer: GKE is a managed Kubernetes service for deploying, managing, and scaling containerized applications using Kubernetes.
Features that sets it apart: * Automated Operations: Manages the Kubernetes infrastructure, including upgrades and node provisioning. * Cluster Management: Offers flexibility in setting up and scaling clusters based on workload requirements.
Advantages:
GKE simplifies the deployment and management of containerized applications, providing scalability and automation in managing Kubernetes clusters.

Question: What is Cloud Functions?

Answer: It's a serverless platform for building and deploying event-driven, scalable functions.
Key Features: * Event-Based Triggers: Executes code in response to various events from GCP services or HTTP requests. * Automatic Scaling: Automatically scales based on the load and triggers, ensuring cost efficiency. Use Cases:
It's ideal for building lightweight applications, handling microservices, and automating workflows that react to specific events or triggers.

Question: Describe BigQuery.

Answer: BigQuery is a serverless, highly scalable, and cost-effective data warehouse for analyzing big data.
Key Aspects:
* Performance: Offers fast query execution on large datasets with high concurrency. * Managed Service: No infrastructure management required; Google handles scaling and maintenance.
Use Cases:
BigQuery is ideal for interactive analysis, ad-hoc querying, and generating insights from large and complex datasets.

Question: Explain TensorFlow on GCP.

Answer: TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning platform, and GCP provides infrastructure and services to leverage TensorFlow efficiently.
Key features:
* High-Performance Computing: GCP offers powerful compute resources to train and deploy TensorFlow models. * Integration with GCP Services: TensorFlow seamlessly integrates with GCP's AI platform for model deployment.
Applications:
TensorFlow on GCP is used for various machine learning tasks, including image recognition, natural language processing, and predictive analytics.

Question: How does GCP ensure data security?

Answer: GCP employs multiple layers of security, including encryption at rest and in transit, IAM, and compliance certifications. * Encryption: Data in transit and at rest is encrypted using strong encryption protocols. * Access Control: GCP's Identity and Access Management (IAM) enables fine-grained control over who can access resources and what actions they can perform. * Security Services: Security Command Center provides security and data risk insights across the platform. * Key Management: Cloud Key Management Service (KMS) helps manage cryptographic keys used for data encryption. * Network Security: Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) offers a private and secure environment for GCP resources. * Compliance: GCP complies with multiple industry standards and certifications, ensuring adherence to security and privacy regulations. * Monitoring and Auditing: Stackdriver and Cloud Audit Logs offer monitoring and auditing capabilities to track and review system activities.

Question: What is Cloud Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP)?

Answer: IAP is a service that controls access to web applications running on GCP. It allows access to applications based on a user's identity and context, rather than the traditional method of using a VPN.
IAP offers: * Context-Aware Access: It considers user identity and context, such as device security status and geographic location, to grant access. * Centralized Access Control: Administrators can manage access centrally without needing to manage individual servers. * Secure Application Access: It provides a secure method to access web-based applications without needing a VPN.

Question: What are Committed Use Discounts (CUDs) on GCP?

Answer: CUDs are cost-saving commitments for specified compute resources over a term. When committing to use specific virtual machine instances or other resources for a one- or three-year term, Google offers discounted pricing compared to pay-as-you-go pricing. These discounts are beneficial for workloads that have predictable and steady resource consumption.

Question: Describe GCP Cost Explorer.

Answer: Cost Explorer is a tool to visualize, understand, and manage GCP spending. * Cost Tracking: Users can track and analyze their spending based on different GCP services, projects, and timeframes. * Forecasting: It offers the ability to forecast future spending based on historical data and trends. * Budget Management: Users can set budgets and receive alerts when spending exceeds defined thresholds.

Question: Explain Anthos on GCP.

Answer: Anthos is a hybrid and multi-cloud platform enabling workload management across various environments. Key features include: * Modernization: It allows modernization of existing applications and development of new cloud-native apps. * Uniform Management: Anthos offers a consistent way to manage different types of infrastructure, whether on-premises or across multiple clouds. * Security and Compliance: Provides security and compliance across hybrid and multi-cloud environments.

Question: What is Cloud Interconnect?

Answer: It's a service for connecting on-premises networks to GCP through dedicated and high-speed connections. It enables: * Fast and Reliable Connectivity: Direct connections with high bandwidth for better performance and reliability. * Hybrid Cloud Solutions: Facilitates hybrid cloud solutions by extending on-premises networks into GCP. * Reduced Latency: Helps in reducing latency and improving data transfer speeds.

Question: What is Stackdriver in GCP?

Answer: Stackdriver is a monitoring, logging, and diagnostics service, providing insights into applications on GCP. It includes: * Monitoring: Real-time performance metrics and uptime monitoring for applications and infrastructure. * Logging: Centralized log management and analysis across applications and systems. * Error Reporting: Insights into application errors and exceptions for debugging and improvement.

Question: Explain Google Cloud Trace.

Answer: Cloud Trace is a performance monitoring tool for understanding and optimizing latency in applications. It provides: * Performance Insights: Traces the latency of requests across different services to identify performance bottlenecks. * Request Analysis: Helps understand the performance of individual requests and their paths through distributed systems. * Debugging and Optimization: Helps in debugging and optimizing the performance of applications.

Question: What are GCP's strategies for Disaster Recovery (DR)?

Answer: GCP provides redundancy, backup, and geo-distribution features to ensure DR. * Regional Redundancy: GCP's infrastructure is designed for data redundancy across multiple regions, ensuring availability even in case of regional outages. * Backup and Replication: Users can create backups and replicate data to different regions to ensure data recovery in case of failure. * Snapshot-based Backups: GCP services offer snapshot-based backups, allowing point-in-time recovery. * Failover Strategies: Active-active and active-passive failover strategies ensure services remain available during failures.

Question: Explain Global Load Balancer.

Answer: It's a load balancing service distributing internet traffic across multiple regions to optimize service availability. It provides: * Global Presence: It offers a single anycast IP address for routing traffic to the nearest healthy instance, improving latency and service availability. * Scalability: Balances traffic among instances across regions, ensuring scalability and redundancy. * High Availability: In the event of failures, it reroutes traffic to healthy instances in other regions, maintaining service availability.

Question: How does GCP handle compliance with various regulations?

Answer: GCP maintains a robust compliance program, aligning with global standards and regulations, ensuring that the platform meets strict standards set by different industries and regions. GCP maintains a wide array of certifications, including SOC 1, 2, and 3, ISO 27001, PCI DSS, HIPAA, and GDPR compliance. Here's how GCP handles compliance: * Certifications and Audits: GCP undergoes independent audits and certifications conducted by third-party auditors. These certifications verify GCP's adherence to industry standards and compliance requirements. * Global Data Centers: GCP operates data centers globally, enabling customers to select the region where their data is stored. This feature helps in meeting specific data sovereignty requirements. * Security and Encryption: GCP provides robust security measures, including encryption at rest and in transit, multifactor authentication, and network firewalls. These measures help in maintaining data security as required by many compliance regulations. * Regulatory Documentation: GCP provides customers with a wealth of documentation, ensuring that the platform can be used in compliance with various regulatory requirements.

Question: Describe GCP's approach to GDPR compliance.

Answer: GCP offers features to assist customers in their GDPR compliance efforts by providing tools for data protection and control. GCP has designed its services to help customers comply with GDPR. Here's how GCP approaches GDPR compliance: * Data Processing Terms: GCP offers Data Processing and Security Terms that align with GDPR's requirements, covering the obligations of both Google and its customers concerning the processing of personal data. * Data Security and Encryption: GCP provides strong encryption methods to protect data at rest and in transit. This includes encryption keys managed by the customer or Google's Key Management Service (KMS). * Transparency and Control: GCP enables customers to review, manage, and delete their data. Customers have control over their data and can manage how it's stored and accessed. * Data Protection Officer (DPO): Google has appointed a Data Protection Officer responsible for overseeing compliance with GDPR regulations and addressing data protection concerns. * Audits and Certifications: GCP undergoes audits and holds certifications that encompass GDPR requirements. This ensures that Google is compliant with the regulation's standards.

Question: What is Google Transfer Appliance?

Answer: It's a physical storage solution for transferring large amounts of data to GCP. This appliance is useful when transferring large datasets that might be impractical to move over the internet due to their size and latency constraints. * Physical Storage: The Transfer Appliance is a high-capacity storage device provided by Google. Customers can load their data onto the appliance in their own data centers. * Data Transfer: Once the data is loaded onto the appliance, it's then shipped to a designated Google Cloud storage facility. Google then uploads the data from the appliance to the customer's designated storage bucket in GCP. * Data Security: Security features like encryption and tamper-evident seals are used to ensure the safety of the transferred data.

Question: Explain the Cloud Migration Service on GCP.

Answer: The service helps move on-premises workloads to GCP efficiently and securely. The service offers tools, methodologies, and best practices to streamline the migration process. * Assessment and Discovery: The service provides tools for assessing and discovering the current environment, analyzing dependencies, and understanding application interdependencies before migration. * Migration Execution: Once the assessment is completed, the service offers strategies and tools for executing the migration, whether it's lift-and-shift, re-platforming, or refactoring. * Post-Migration Validation: The migration service provides mechanisms for post-migration validation and verification to ensure that the migrated applications function as expected in the cloud environment. * Continuous Optimization: GCP offers ongoing support and optimization services to ensure that the migrated workloads operate efficiently on the cloud platform.

Question: What is Google Cloud CDN (Content Delivery Network)?

Answer: Google Cloud CDN is a distributed edge caching service for delivering content closer to users for lower latency and better performance. * Content Caching and Distribution: Cloud CDN caches web content at Google's globally distributed edge caches. This allows users to access content from a nearby edge location, reducing latency. * Secure Content Delivery: Cloud CDN provides HTTPS support, encrypting content in transit, ensuring secure delivery to end users. * Increased Performance: It enhances the user experience by accelerating the delivery of web applications, streaming videos, and other content, thereby reducing load times. * Dynamic Content Caching: It has the ability to cache dynamic content, not just static files, improving the speed and performance of dynamically generated content.

Question: Describe Google Cloud VPN.

Answer: Cloud VPN allows secure connections between an on-premises network and GCP using IPsec VPN protocols. * Secure Connectivity: Cloud VPN establishes an encrypted IPsec tunnel between the on-premises network and GCP. This ensures secure communication over the public internet. * Site-to-Site Connectivity: It supports site-to-site VPN connections, allowing multiple on-premises networks to connect to GCP's VPC network. * High Availability: Cloud VPN offers a highly available and redundant architecture to ensure continuous connectivity. * Flexible Configuration: It supports different types of VPN setups, including static or dynamic routing, depending on the organization's networking requirements.

Question: Explain Google Cloud Dataproc.

Answer: Dataproc is a fast, easy-to-use, fully managed cloud service for running Apache Spark and Hadoop clusters. * Managed Clusters: Dataproc allows users to create, manage, and scale clusters quickly and easily. * Cost Efficiency: It provides a flexible and cost-effective solution by charging users only for the resources used. * Integration: Dataproc integrates seamlessly with other GCP services like BigQuery, Cloud Storage, and Stackdriver. * Open Source Ecosystem: It supports a variety of open-source tools and libraries commonly used in big data processing, making it versatile and adaptable to different workflows.

Question: What is Bigtable in GCP?

Answer: Cloud Bigtable is a NoSQL database service for handling large analytical and operational workloads at scale. * Scalability and Performance: Bigtable is designed for high scalability and performance, capable of handling petabytes of data with low latency. * Structured Data Storage: It's suited for storing structured, semi-structured, and time-series data, commonly used in analytics and IoT applications. * Integrated Solution: It seamlessly integrates with other GCP services, enabling integration with BigQuery, Dataflow, and Dataproc for data analysis and processing.
Use Cases: Bigtable is used for a wide range of applications like time-series data storage, financial services, IoT data processing, and more, where high-speed, large-scale data processing is required.

Question: How does Google Cloud Key Management Service (KMS) work?

Answer: KMS is a cryptographic key management service allowing the creation, storage, and management of cryptographic keys for use by other GCP services. * Key Creation and Management: KMS enables the generation, rotation, and destruction of encryption keys. Customers have control over these keys and can manage their lifecycle. * Encryption and Decryption: It provides APIs for encrypting and decrypting data using these keys, ensuring secure data storage and transmission. * Integration with GCP Services: KMS integrates with various GCP services like Cloud Storage, BigQuery, and Compute Engine, enabling users to protect their data. * Security Controls: KMS offers granular access controls, allowing customers to manage who can use keys and perform cryptographic operations.

Question: Describe Google Cloud Armor.

Answer: Cloud Armor is a DDoS and application defense service providing security against web-based threats. It offers customizable defenses to secure internet-facing applications. Key features include: * DDoS Protection: Defends against volumetric and protocol-based DDoS attacks. * Web Application Firewall (WAF): Filters and inspects traffic, allowing users to define rules and block malicious traffic. * Defense against Application Layer Attacks: Protects against SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and other application-layer attacks.

Question: Explain Google Cloud AutoML.

Answer: AutoML is a suite of machine learning products for developers with limited ML expertise to train high-quality models. It provides tools for building high-quality custom machine learning models with minimal coding. AutoML includes: * AutoML Vision: Enables the creation of custom image recognition models. * AutoML Natural Language: Allows the training of custom text analysis models. * AutoML Tables: Supports building predictive models for structured data without requiring deep ML expertise.

Question: What is TensorFlow Extended (TFX)?

Answer: TFX is an end-to-end platform for deploying production ML pipelines. It's designed to enable the orchestration of ML workflows, ensuring scalability and reproducibility. TFX provides: * Data Ingestion and Validation: Integrates data from various sources and validates its quality. * Feature Engineering: Prepares and processes data for machine learning models. * Model Training and Evaluation: Trains models and evaluates their performance. * Model Deployment: Facilitates deploying models to production.

Question: Describe Google Cloud Functions.

Answer: Cloud Functions is a serverless execution environment for building and connecting cloud services. Key aspects include: * Event-Driven Computing: Executes code in response to events from various GCP services. * Pay-as-You-Go Model: Users are charged only for the time their functions run. * Support for Multiple Languages: Allows development in languages like Node.js, Python, and Go.

Question: What is Cloud Run in GCP?

Answer: Cloud Run is a fully managed serverless platform for building and running containerized applications. Notable features include: * Portability: Supports containerized applications built on any language or framework. * Automatic Scaling: Scales up or down in response to traffic. * Pay-for-Usage Model: Charges are based on actual resource usage.

Question: Explain Google Data Studio.

Answer: Data Studio is a free business intelligence and data visualization tool that turns data into informative reports and dashboards.
It allows users to create customizable, informative reports and dashboards using various data sources. Key features include: * Data Connectivity: Connects to a wide range of data sources. * Interactive Dashboards: Enables the creation of interactive and visually appealing reports. * Collaboration: Supports sharing and collaboration on reports within teams.

Question: What is Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) in GCP?

Answer: Cloud DLP is a service for scanning, classifying, and redacting sensitive data across GCP services.It offers: * Data Inspection and Classification: Identifies sensitive data within GCP storage services. * Redaction and Anonymization: Allows for redacting or anonymizing sensitive data to protect privacy and confidentiality. * Policy Enforcement: Defines and enforces data loss prevention policies.

Question: Describe Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) Autopilot.

Answer: Autopilot is a managed environment for GKE that automates operational tasks for managing and scaling the Kubernetes cluster. It includes: * Automated Cluster Management: Manages resources, scaling, and optimization of clusters. * Improved Security: Adheres to best practices and provides automatic updates for security patches. * Simplified Experience: Reduces the complexities of managing and maintaining Kubernetes clusters.

Question: What is Istio in GCP?

Answer: Istio is an open-source service mesh that helps control the flow of traffic between services. It provides a uniform way to connect, manage, and secure microservices, offering features like traffic management, security, and observability. Istio's key functionalities include service discovery, load balancing, traffic control, authentication, and observability, allowing developers to have fine-grained control over their service interactions. It helps improve service resilience and reliability by offering tools for controlling the flow of traffic between services, securing communication, and collecting metrics and traces to better understand service behavior.

Question: How does GCP provide cost management and optimization?

Answer: GCP offers cost management tools like Cost Explorer, Budgets, and Rightsizing Recommendations for cost monitoring and optimization. Moreover, budgeting tools enable setting spending limits and alerts. GCP also offers sustained use discounts and committed use discounts for predictable workloads. Additionally, organizations can leverage predefined cost-saving recommendations and custom reports for better insights and decisions regarding resource allocation and usage.

Question: Explain Google Cloud Billing Catalog.

Answer: It's a catalog that enables Google Cloud customers to access and download detailed billing data. It's a comprehensive, detailed breakdown of charges and costs incurred while using GCP services. This catalog is accessible through the GCP Billing Console and includes information on the usage and pricing of all services utilized by an organization. It helps users track and analyze their spending across various GCP products and services, allowing for better cost management and planning.

Question: What is Google Anthos?

Answer: Anthos is a platform for managing applications across hybrid and multi-cloud environments. Anthos allows organizations to build and manage modern, cloud-native applications and workloads that run on GCP, on-premises, or other cloud platforms. It provides a consistent platform for application development, enabling operations across different environments with centralized management, security, and scalability.

Question: Describe Traffic Director in GCP.

Answer: Traffic Director is a managed control plane for service mesh. It allows for global traffic management in a multi-cluster, multi-region, and multi-platform scenario. Traffic Director enables traffic routing, traffic shaping, and resiliency across services within a service mesh by using global load balancing and advanced traffic management policies. It's a critical component for high-performance, scalable, and reliable service-to-service communication in distributed architectures.

Question: How does GCP handle data governance and compliance requirements?

Answer: GCP provides a range of compliance certifications and features for meeting data governance requirements. It provides tools and controls for data classification, access controls, encryption, and auditing to meet industry-specific compliance standards. GCP services such as Cloud IAM, Data Loss Prevention (DLP), and security tools assist in ensuring compliance with regulations and organizational policies.

Question: Explain Resource Manager in GCP.

Answer: GCP Resource Manager is a hierarchical organization tool for managing and governing resources. It allows organizations to organize and manage their GCP resources, projects, and services, offering centralized control over resource allocation, permissions, and organization policies. It provides a clear view of resource usage and access control, enabling consistent and efficient management across an organization's GCP projects.

Question: What are service accounts in GCP?

Answer: Service accounts represent non-human users and are used to authenticate and authorize calls to GCP APIs. They act as non-human users and are designed to authenticate the code running in these environments. Service accounts can be assigned specific roles and permissions to access GCP resources securely, allowing fine-grained control over what services can do within the GCP ecosystem.

Question: Describe GCP Workload Identity.

Answer: Workload Identity allows users to access GCP services from within workloads without requiring service account keys. It allows a higher level of security by associating service accounts with Google-managed service accounts, eliminating the need to manage service account keys explicitly. This feature streamlines the management of service account keys and enhances security by reducing the surface area for potential key exposure.

Question: Explain Google Cloud Backup.

Answer: Google Cloud Backup provides reliable and efficient data backup solutions for GCP services. It provides automated backups for critical GCP resources such as VM instances, databases, and storage, ensuring data resilience and enabling quick recovery in the event of data loss or system failure. Cloud Backup offers a simple and scalable solution for organizations to protect their critical data and applications.

Question: What is Google Cloud Disaster Recovery (DR)?

Answer: It's a set of strategies and services to recover critical systems and data in case of a disaster. GCP offers various features and capabilities to facilitate disaster recovery planning, such as data replication, failover mechanisms, and geographic redundancy. By leveraging GCP's distributed infrastructure and data replication services, organizations can design and implement robust disaster recovery plans to ensure business continuity in case of unexpected disruptions.

Question: Describe Edge TPU in GCP.

Answer: Edge TPU is Google's purpose-built ASIC designed to run machine learning (ML) models for edge devices. It's optimized for running TensorFlow Lite models for efficient machine learning tasks on edge devices. Edge TPUs enable low-latency, high-throughput, and power-efficient machine learning inference on devices, such as IoT devices or local servers, without the need for continuous cloud connectivity. This allows for running machine learning models directly on the device where the data is generated, enhancing privacy and reducing latency in inference.

Question: What is Cloud IoT Core in GCP?

Answer: Cloud IoT Core is a fully managed service for securely connecting, managing, and ingesting data from globally dispersed devices. Cloud IoT Core is a fully managed service that allows you to securely connect, manage, and ingest data from globally dispersed IoT devices. It offers a robust infrastructure to handle IoT device management and enables easy integration with other GCP services for data analysis and insights.

Question: Explain Cloud Monitoring in GCP.

Answer: Cloud Monitoring provides visibility into the performance, uptime, and overall health of cloud resources. It provides insights through dashboards, alerts, and other tools, helping users monitor, troubleshoot, and optimize their cloud-based systems.

Question: What is Cloud Trace in GCP?

Answer: Cloud Trace is a distributed tracing system for generating latency reports. It provides detailed information about how long it takes for a request to travel through various components of a distributed application, allowing for performance improvements and troubleshooting.

Question: What is BigQuery Omni in GCP?

Answer: BigQuery Omni allows users to analyze data across multiple clouds within a single pane of glass. It allows users to analyze and gain insights from data stored in multiple clouds, enabling seamless data processing and analytics.

Question: Describe Google Cloud Dataflow.

Answer: Cloud Dataflow is a fully managed service for stream and batch processing. It enables users to create data pipelines for transforming and enriching data, supporting real-time processing as well as processing of large datasets. It integrates with various data sources and other GCP services, providing a flexible and scalable data processing platform.

Question: Explain AI Platform in GCP.

Answer: AI Platform provides a comprehensive set of ML services for building, deploying, and managing models. It supports various tasks, such as data preprocessing, model training, and model deployment at scale. AI Platform provides a collaborative environment for data scientists and machine learning engineers to develop and operationalize ML models.

Question: What is Dialogflow in GCP?

Answer: Dialogflow is a natural language understanding platform for building conversational applications. It enables developers to design and deploy conversational interfaces, supporting multiple platforms and languages, facilitating natural and rich interactions with users.

Question: Describe Edge AI in GCP.

Answer: Edge AI enables running ML models on edge devices to process data locally. GCP provides tools and services for deploying machine learning models to edge devices, allowing real-time processing and decision-making at the edge.

Question: What is Cloud IoT Edge in GCP?

Answer: Cloud IoT Edge extends Google Cloud's capabilities to the edge for IoT devices, enabling edge computing by providing a framework to run IoT applications and machine learning models directly on IoT devices. It enables local data processing and analysis, reducing latency and optimizing bandwidth usage.

Question: Explain Multi-Regional Storage in GCP.

Answer: Multi-Regional Storage offers high availability and low latency access to frequently accessed data across multiple regions. It is suitable for workloads requiring quick and reliable access to data, providing redundancy and fast access to data across different geographic regions.

Question: Describe Cloud Spanner in GCP.

Answer: Cloud Spanner is a globally distributed, horizontally scalable database designed for global applications. It combines the benefits of relational databases with horizontal scalability and global distribution, making it suitable for mission-critical applications requiring high consistency and scalability.